Display Attributes on Invoice or Packing Slip in Magento

Add this to Mage/Sales/Model/Order/Pdf/Items/Invoice/Default.php, replace ATTRNAME as appropriate.

public function draw()
    {
       ...
       $product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->loadByAttribute('sku', $this->getSku($item), array('ATTRNAME'));

       if ($product) {
         $lines[0][] = array(
           'text'  => Mage::helper('core/string')->str_split($product->getData('ATTRNAME'), 15),
           'feed'  => 305
          );
       } 

Then add this to Mage/Sales/Model/Order/Pdf/Invoice.php, replace ATTR_TITLE as appropriate and OFFSET with the left offset.

/* Add table head */
...
$page->drawText(Mage::helper('sales')->__('ATTR_TITLE'), OFFSET, $this->y, 'UTF-8');
if (!empty($settings['table_header'])) {
...
$page->drawText(Mage::helper('sales')->__('ATTR_TITLE'), OFFSET, $this->y, 'UTF-8'); 

There is no definitive solution as you need to change a few other details to limit column widths in other areas depending on where you are trying to put your values (ie. description is usually made narrower and forced to line-wrap).